cassie gaines cause of death

It was there that he struck up a fractured conversation. At this point, for Artimus Pyle, Marc Frank, and Ken Peden, the only sensible thing left to do was to leave certain death at the crash site, for uncertainty in the swamp. With that cue, Governor took the honors and introduced everyone as Gabel's mouth gaped in disbelief. After claiming his deceased son, Lacy Van Zant went to visit the other members of the band at the hospital. And the hardest-working rock 'n' roll band in America was about to run out of gas. In Genes interview, he mentions that he ran to the cock pit and to alert the pilots of the exploded engine and their response was Nothins wrong. "It was the saddest thing," she recalls, 11 years later. she asked me as we talked. But there wasn't any gas on the ground because they ran out of gas.". Two bulldozers were dispatched to plow a primitive path off nearby Highway 568 in order to give a ground path available to the first responders. His wife, Lola, and my wife grew up together. Thats when most of the sober members of the band saw that the right propeller was no longer working. It was the last flight of Lynyrd Skynyrd: Oct. 20, 1977, the night they . As we walked through the woods, Governor and I agree that nothing looked or felt the same. Don't look like they can afford a ticket. Drummer Artimus Pyle crawled out of the plane wreckage with several broken ribs, but was ambulatory, as were road crew members Kenneth Peden Jr. and Mark Frank. The medical examiner reported that Wilkeson suffered from liver and lung disease at the time of his death. On another occasion, while reportedly on a drunken rage, he even slashed the hands of Gary Rossington, his best friend and guitarist, with a broken beer bottle. Mote recalls the first thing he saw was a bloody hand sticking out from the wreckage. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Artimus Pyle and Gary Rossington are the only two members alive today from the crash. A little after the two-hour mark, however, events started to unfold that would soon make history. He claims that Artimus Pyle, drummer for Lynyrd Skynyrd, survived scathe-less and crawled into the bushes watching Ronnie and the others die in this horrid fiery crash. I knew my camera had stories to tell. We were all fans. We just had released an album that went gold almost overnight. Minutes later he was guiding an ambulance through an overgrown trail. And to Brenda's point, he's writing a book. Although Steven Tyler and Joe Perry had insisted that they charter the plane, ultimately it was not signed to the band. Several members of the band died in a plane crash that occurred on October 20, 1977, three days after the release of Street Survivors. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. It was going to be the replacement for Douglas C3s with a pressurized cabin that was then just being mandated as a rule for commercial airlines. Crying, praying, and counting the dead to see who they would never hug, play music with, and enjoy company with again. It is a cautionary song about drug abuse that fans believed was aimed at one of the members. He would eventually succumb to paralytic pneumonia while being treated in a hospital in 1990. Billy Powell would be in the new starting line-up of Lynyrd Skynyrd until his death in 2009. Here Are Our Sources: Remembering Lynyrd Skynyrds Deadly 1977 Plane Crash, Jordan Runtagh, The Rolling Stones, What Happened To The Surviving Members Of The Lynyrd Skynyrd Plane Crash?, Micheal Cristopher, Ultimate Classic Rock.com, Falling Free Bird: The Truth About The Infamous Lynyrd Skynyrd Plane Crash Is Stranger Than Fiction, Phil Gibbons, Ranker.com, The Joplin Globe Steve and Cassie Gaines to be inducted into the Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame. Powell's version of events has been discounted by both Artimus Pyle and Judy Van Zant Jenness, who posted the autopsy reports on the band's website in early 1998 in order to set the record straight. Everyone knows him as "Governor." I dont know who you think we are but we were on a plane and the plane crashed out there on the other side of that cow pasture. Mote instantly connected the dots to the sound he heard earlier and the men that lay before him. By then, a Coast Guard helicopter was hovering overhead. Gabel says he's been to the site 15 or more times. I began the classic guitar lick. I threw it in reverse and plowed into my mother-in-law's car. Born Steven Earl Gaines, the son of Cassie Hatfield and Earl Gaines. The famous music band Lynyrd Skynyrd is considered to have one of the most gruesome band histories after losing several people in an aerial accident. "May the free bird fly on," read one message. On one occasion after a show, he approached Billy Powell who was the bands keyboard player, and punched him so hard in the mouth he knocked his two front teeth out. Before long, he noticed three men emerge from the dense woods along the pasture. In this video you will see the true story behind the tragic passing of Ronnie Van Zant, Cassie Gaines, Dean Kilpatrick, and Steve Gaines on October 20, 1977. Totaled, decimated, and left for dead. "We didn't know how much gas was on the ground. 5 album. Band confidant, Gene Odum, is privately interviewed to share his story on what happened on this awful day in history. The rest of the group had no idea at the time that they would never see the face of Ronnie again. I was just taken aback by it " but then his friend continued, "don't worry, Lynyrd made it out.". "Are you writing a book?" At least one member, background singer Cassie Gaines, had refused to board the flight, but was convinced against her better judgment. Street Survivors became the band's second platinum album, and was the #5 top selling album on the U.S. album chart. Steve Gaines was killed instantly upon impact and his sister Cassie Gaines perished as well. Shining from what seemed to be a small house on a dairy farm. Grow your brand authentically by sharing brand content with the internets creators. Pyle used the couple's phone to call his wife. He was a walking treasure trove of names, facts and figures. The band would be marked for strife as just before their inaugural tour, Allens wife would bleed to death due to a miscarriage. Lynyrd Skynyrd did not plan on keeping the plane for long. The other two members were JoJo Billingsley and Leslie Hawkins. Cassie Gaines was born on January 9, 1948 and died on October 20, 1977. He obtained his first guitar at about age 14. . "The first thing I saw was a bloody hand reaching out from the debris. Collins recovered and began performing again, eventually forming the Allen Collins Band. The three injured men hiked some distance from the crash site, through swampy woods, and finally flagged down farmer Johnny Mote, who had come to investigate. Collins and other band members were severely injured. He could hear the people moaning, pleading for help. We beat patterns into our dashboards drumming out the beat. There were 24 passengers and two crew members aboard the aircraft. Artimus Pyle was also notoriously outspoken against the plane and on several occasions would take buses to shows. Video of a barechested Pyle at the 1979 Volunteer Jam does not show evidence of a gunshot wound. Gary Rossington broke both his arms and both his legs in the crash, and took many months to recuperate. The years after the crash would be difficult in its own right for surviving members, most of which would experience tragedy and early death themselves. It felt like being hit with baseball bats in a steel garbage can with the lid on. The Getty Images design is a trademark of Getty Images. However, it is believed that the pilots were trying to transfer oil from one engine to another when they accidentally jettisoned the fuel instead. The band had just released their biggest album to date and was riding off of a good high. The band leased a new Convair CV-240 to help them get between shows easier. Tremendous physical pain overwhelmed the group as did mental exhaustion. In the beginning, the singer was reluctant to board the aircraft and had already bought another commercial flight ticket. Dean Kilpatrick, the bands manager, lay dead and covered in blood. The years after the crash would be difficult in its own right for surviving members, most of which would experience tragedy and early death themselves. Gene Odom had been thrown from the plane and broke his neck, his skin badly burned and one eye blinded by phosphorus from a de-icing flare that had been aboard. From left to right: Allen Collins, Ronnie Van Zant, And Gary Rossington. For members Gary Rossington and Allen Collins, the weight of what happened seemed to push down on them the most. Powell's nose had been nearly ripped from his face after crashing head first through a table. Cassie Gaines, Steve Gainess sister who were both bound for death in the crash, would routinely ride on the equipment bus rather than the plane. It would take hours to remove the bodies of the dead and injured from the plane. We had a friendly translator whose command of the English language was poor at best. When he was sober, he was a fair and kind person. There were 26 people on that fateful flight. Everyone just stood there helpless. Marc Frank was beaten terribly and was also covered in lacerations and blood. Leon Wilkeson, their bass player, had arguably the most harrowing recovery; as he faced many internal injuries, dislodged teeth, and a broken left arm and leg, and his heart stopped twice on the operating table while doctors frantically struggled to keep him alive. He was best known for being a Rock Singer. Losing daylight, the pilots desperately looked for an open field or some kind of saving grace. The cockpit, tail, and wings completely ripped apart and the remaining cab lay desolate, in the shape of an L. The plane was simply not built well enough to even remotely handle the impact from the pine trees at roughly 90 mph. Powell also claimed that Ronnie Van Zant's head had been smashed. The cockpit, tail, and wings completely ripped apart and the remaining cab lay desolate, in the shape of an L. The plane was simply not built well enough to even remotely handle the impact from the pine trees at roughly 90 mph. A medical examiner said on Sunday that Wilkeson suffered from chronic liver and lung disease, and most likely died of natural causes. Photo: hu.wikipedia.com. Cassie Gaines Lynard Skynyrd plane crash was one of the band's most challenging moments. Other band members were injured, some very seriously. For members Gary Rossington and Allen Collins, the weight of what happened seemed to push down on them the most. Some blame it on the planes age and poor design, weighing in on its smaller fuselage and compact wingspan. Rossington and keyboardist Billy Powell are now the only founding members in the band. He didn't know who the victims were. The aircraft crashed in a heavily wooded area during an attempted emergency landing. The cover would quickly be changed to a more bland blacked-out background with the band in the same pose after the accident. to gather a few more. "Steve was at the peak of his career. Small and cramped, it still felt better than lift-off of the Convair CV-240. Varying accounts have Mote either firing a warning shot into the air or actually shooting Pyle in the shoulder no report is completely reliable. Ronnie Van Zant was just more than the bands main songwriter, frontman, and singer. On one occasion after a show, he approached Billy Powell who was the bands keyboard player, and punched him so hard in the mouth he knocked his two front teeth out. Rudge chartered three planes for loved ones to identify the bodies. "It was stuff I'd been trained to do," he said. A towering beech tree stands sentinel on the west side of the creek, carefully carved with scores of knurled epithets. Cassie Gaines was a talented and committed backup singer for the Lynard Skynyrd music band until she died in a plane crash. I put them all to work. Things were going so well. Gene Odom had been thrown from the plane and broke his neck, his skin badly burned and one eye blinded by phosphorus from a de-icing flare that had been aboard. Laying on the ground, still alive for only a moment, to slowly bleed to death. All of the seats were ripped from the frame of the plane, landing in the front section of the crash. Most of the 20 survivors were taken to Southwest Regional Medical Center in McComb, where the lobby had been transformed into a makeshift emergency treatment center to quickly deal with the onslaught of plane crash victims. Everyone was afraid of riding on this plane. Both brother and sister were killed in the airplane crash that also took the life of Lynyrd Skynyrd vocalist Ronnie Van Zant. The only thing left was a trail of debris and people. Thats when most of the sober members of the band saw that the right propeller was no longer working. Soon after the plane would begin to jerk and shake violently. It was there where he was found dead in his room on July 27. Especially Artimus, who had three broken ribs and multiple large cuts. I told him that it was the strongest thing I had seen a man do.. How did Cassie Gaines get in Lynyrd Skynyrd? All he could think was that they must be from a recent a jailbreak," she said. In a separate interview, revealing the story of sound man Paul Welch who suffered traumatic injuries in this crash and was sent into a coma, shares that the plane that was utilized during this trip was already catching fire around the engine area and Lynyrd Skynyrd had requested to cease using it. Steve Gaines was killed instantly upon impact and his sister Cassie Gaines perished as well. He had already finished a film about the plane crash when Gary and several others stepped in and placed a lawsuit against the film to not be shown to the public. After a shorter-than-normal day of bow hunting, he received a phone call about a plane crash in the area. Cause of death: Car accident. July 30, 2001 -- Leon Wilkeson, bass player and founding member of Lynyrd Skynyrd, is dead at age 49. With the dust settled from a plane crash that would make a small Mississippi town famous, everything that surrounded the few conscious and able survivors were completely horrific and getting darker by the second. Losing daylight, the pilots desperately looked for an open field or some kind of saving grace. In 1982 he would form the Allen Collins band but shortly after would wreck his new Ford Thunderbird, killing his then girlfriend and paralyzing Collins. Small and cramped, it still felt better than lift-off of the Convair CV-240. He drove down from his home in Oakland, Miss. I dont know who you think we are but we were on a plane and the plane crashed out there on the other side of that cow pasture. Mote instantly connected the dots to the sound he heard earlier and the men that lay before him. But we were both enjoying it. We always wondered why, you know. The surviving members would grapple with this throughout their days. It would be another hour before I heard the big news. Owners emphasize that trespassers can be prosecuted. Almost as mysteriously, the full bottle is never seen again. Natural causes were to blame. I marked my calendar and made arrangements. The plane had a thinner fuselage and smaller wingspan than any of its kind at the time. The official report of the crash read: "The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determines that the probable cause of this accident was fuel exhaustion and total loss of power from both engines due to crew inattention to the fuel supply. I worked the scene for about 30 minutes before a veteran photographer approached me and asked if I knew where the local paper "The Enterprise Journal" was located. read another typical message of mourning. The other band members Collins, Gary Rossington, Wilkeson, Powell, Artimus Pyle, and Hawkins, tour manager Ron Eckerman, and several road crew suffered . Rossington recalls saying It was always weird for Allen and me because we were up front in the plane. As they, too, were succumbing to the sub-par standards of the plane and crew. Buker had noticed the flight crew passing around liquor bottles while aboard the plane. These combinations of poorly built aircraft and less than acceptable crew quickly led to the dismissal of the band leasing out their services. "He (Mote) ran in the door saying, 'Ya'll get down on the floor, there's escaped convicts out there," Martin remembers. I had never seen anything like it before. Dwain Easley still lives on the east side of the crash site. The tour is scheduled to run through mid-September. Access the best of Getty Images with our simple subscription plan. Collins, 37, suffered respiratory failure, said a Memorial Medical Center spokeswoman. he said, barely able to get his English to suit his thoughts. You all just better get some rest. Dan Barnes recalls saying This man had just been to the funeral home and seen his son dead and decided to keep that to himself for these guys to heal. A costly mistake at 9,000ft or so. Some were screaming and moaning for help, but they were all limp. Millions of high-quality images, video, and music options are waiting for you. As a member of the Civil Air Patrol on that fateful night, he heard the report of a plane crash over the citizens band radio. Bianca is an American actress. A plane crash left lead singer Ronnie Van Zandt, lead guitarist Steve Gaines and backup singer Cassie Gaines dead. He hopes to publish in time for the 40th anniversary of the crash. Performance & security by Cloudflare. All the surrounding land is privately owned and prominently marked with "No Trespassing" signs. His only help at that moment was his neighbor, Dwain Easley. 24/7 coverage of breaking news and live events. Her brother was Skynyrd guitarist Steve Gaines. On several occasions, the latter shined through. Also Known As: Cassie LaRue Gaines Died At Age: 29 Family: mother: Cassie LaRue Gaines Died Young Rock Singers Died on: October 20, 1977 place of death: Gillsburg, Mississippi, United States U.S. State: Oklahoma Cause of Death: Plane Crash Recommended Lists: American Celebrities Film & Theater Personalities American Women Women Singers The talented singer met her death at the young age of 29. As the three marched on, feet soaking wet from the water, all odds seemed stacked against the trio. Suffocating the people on the bottom from the sheer weight. 1 on iTunes Charts, 36 songs, no apologies: Morgan Wallen delivers more (much more) of what made him countrys king, David Lindley, guitarist best known for work with Jackson Browne, dies at 78, Desperate mountain residents trapped by snow beg for help; We are coming, sheriff says, Look up: The 32 most spectacular ceilings in Los Angeles, Winter storms ease drought conditions in California, report shows, 19 cafes that make L.A. a world-class coffee destination, Best coffee city in the world? On the original pressing of the cover of Street Survivors was a photograph of the band engulfed in flames. It sounded great to us. Last of the two surviving original member of the band, Gary Rossington, with Johnny Van Zant to his left and guitarist Rickey Medlocke to the right. "It was a lot wetter that night. But one thing I'm proud of. In addition to his fractured ribcage, Artimus Pyle was treated for numerous abrasions and contusions. Cassie Gaines, Steve Gainess sister who were both bound for death in the crash, would routinely ride on the equipment bus rather than the plane. Everyone on the flight, except for Ronnie Van Zant, was feeling uneasy and restless. At this point, for Artimus Pyle, Marc Frank, and Ken Peden, the only sensible thing left to do was to leave certain death at the crash site, for uncertainty in the swamp. Violent, wild, and belligerent, Ronnie was a force to be reckoned with. But a message on the group's official Web site said the summer tour will resume on Aug. 7, in Spokane, Wash. Cassie Gaines Wikipedia; Sponsored Links. She is famous for starring in Saved by the Bell: The New Class, Goode Behavior, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, and The Secret Life of the American Teenager. Wilkeson cheated death in 1977, surviving a crash of the band's chartered plane. Ultimate Classic Rock What Happened to the Survivors of the Lynyrd Skynyrd Plane Crash? On October 20, 1977, Cassie Gaines died of non-communicable disease. Pilot Walter McCrearey and co-pilot John Grey were killed on impact. Collins entered the hospital with pneumonia symptoms and was in a coma the last few days, said longtime friend Ann Thompson. Band confidant, Gene Odum, is privately interviewed to share his story on what happened on this awful day in history. The only thing left was a trail of debris and people. Two bulldozers were dispatched to plow a primitive path off nearby Highway 568 in order to give a ground path available to the first responders. Bianca is a force to be reckoned with in the American film industry. That farm belonged to a young dairy farmer named Johnny Mote. The news was shocking -- a plane crash near my hometown of McComb, Miss. The band enjoyed national fame in the 1970s with such hits as Gimme Three Steps and Sweet Home Alabama.. The album had deeper meaning than most. You have permission to edit this article. Cassie Gaines, a member of the backing vocal trio known as the Honkettes and sister of guitarist Steve Gaines, was so petrified that she nearly squeezed in the band's cramped equipment truck. Leon Wilkeson and Billy Powell would both go on to pursue other musical ventures and both have a hand in several Lynyrd Skynyrd re-boots. Yen.com.gh shared an interesting piece on Bianca Lawson age, parents, husband, kids, net worth, and movies. Freebird, Lynyrd Skynyrd, 10/20/77 and a notebook-sized rebel flag are deeply etched into the old bark. Artimus Pyle emerged with several broken ribs, and bleeding everywhere you could. Billy Powell would be in the new starting line-up of Lynyrd Skynyrd until his death in 2009. All reality had been broken and none of the surviving members would ever be the same or view life the same again. With my camera at the ready, the translator and I stood watch on the prow of the brightly colored wooden boat as we plowed the exotic coastline. It was rumored that it was Ed Kings (original guitar player for Lynyrd Skynyrd) wife but it was not confirmed. There is some speculation as to why the second engine had ultimately failed. Pilot Walter. There is some speculation as to why the second engine had ultimately failed. "I'd never seen anything like that," he said. Rudge chartered three planes for loved ones to identify the bodies. Terror soon engulfed the cabin of the plane and the pilots were frantically trying to radio local Houston Air Traffic Control, stating they had a fuel issue and were most likely going to have to make a emergency landing. Artimus Pyle once said they were flying in a plane that he believed belonged to the Clampett family (they were the family from the Beverly Hillbillies, a family notorious for using pieced together equipment.). Brenda Martin, 17 at the time, lived with her husband, Johnny Mote (now divorced) in their mobile home on the north side of the crash site. I'm still not sure why. "I had expertise on what to do and growing up in Amite County, Mississippi didn't hurt. 100+ love and trust messages for her to rekindle the passion, 100+ miss you sister quotes, messages, and texts to show your love, EU parliament chief urges Ukraine membership talks this year, UN chief condemns rich countries 'vicious' tactics against poor, Meet Empress Esi the 13-year-old GH girl building schools and giving joy to the needy through her foundation, Christian Atsu's family releases date, venue and other details about his final funeral rites, "Beauty and talent": Gorgeous young lady displays exceptional drumming skills in church, viral video melts hearts, What teams have never been to the super bowl. "New Orleans is a southern city. Tangled by underbrush and the 20-foot creek, the rescue team had to act and think fast. Leon Wilkeson, their bass player, had arguably the most harrowing recovery; as he faced many internal injuries, dislodged teeth, and a broken left arm and leg, and his heart stopped twice on the operating table while doctors frantically struggled to keep him alive. Headline from a local newspaper reporting the crash. She was born on 9th January 1948 in Missouri, USA. Mote hopped into his pick-up to get back to his house, told his wife to get back in the house, then proceeded to grab his gun and stand guard. Cassie Gaines Death: and Cause of Death. Lead singer Ronnie Van Zant, guitarist Steve Gaines and singer Cassie Gaines were all killed in the crash, and the . Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. Most of the 20 survivors were taken to Southwest Regional Medical Center in McComb, where the lobby had been transformed into a makeshift emergency treatment center to quickly deal with the onslaught of plane crash victims. Collins began his rise to success as the lightning-fingered guitarist for the Jacksonville band formed in 1966 by a group of high school students. Turns out that Cassie didn't want to board that particular flight and had blatantly refused to travel on that plane. But I loved the bonding. I obviously didn't know what I was doing. The location sounded familiar so he asked them to repeat. Truth be known, after 38 years, Martin is a little tired of talking about the whole thing. "I saw the blond hair," he said. Four of the passengers were killed including bandleader and lead singer Ronnie Van Zant, guitarist Steve Gaines, Cassie Gaines and assistant tour manager Dean Kilpatrick. Ronnie Van Zant, drunk and laying in the middle of the aisle, simply pulled himself together, sat up, and quietly chose a seat up front. Lewis was on emergency room call that night at McComb's Southwest Regional Medical Center. As he looked around the scene, his mind went back. A little after an hour of trudging through a creek and at one point burrowing underneath a barbed wire fence they found themselves staring at a small, dim light in the distance. She was sick and would meet up with the band in Arkansas to continue the tour. Wilkeson cheated death in 1977, surviving a crash of the band's chartered plane. Deceased people hanging from trees, the other survivors moaning for help of any kind, and completely surrounded by a black swamp whose canopy is blocking the only light that is trying so desperately to shine through. A chartered Convair 240, N55VM, carrying the band between shows from Greenville, South Carolina to LSU in Baton Rouge, Louisiana crashed near a forest in McComb, Mississippi. I used my camera in my work. As soon as it seemed that the worst of the flight was passing, the true nightmare was about to set in for Lynyrd Skynyrd and the crew aboard. I photographed their wedding. We'd move one and there would be another one laying there." "If (that tree) could talk, it'd tell you all about it," he said. Tap into Getty Images' global scale, data-driven insights, and network of more than 340,000 creators to create content exclusively for your brand. She was famous for being part of the southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd. I'd deal with that later. My college roommate was a young photojournalist. ", "I never cared about flying in an airplane," he said. ", "He came home covered in blood," said his wife, Lola. Mother of Lynyrd Skynyrd members Cassie Gaines and Steve Gaines. Making the original release cover more valuable to collectors than the second cover released just a few weeks after the album hit the shelves. The band was reaching fever pitch with its fans across the South and the nation. The plane killed three band members (Ronnie Van Zant, Cassie, Steve Gaines) and Dean Kilpatrick (assistant road manager), Walter McCreary (pilot), and William Gray (co-pilot). News had spread about the crash and before too long an estimated 3,000 people had swarmed to the crash site. Pilots Walter McCreary and William Gray were fully aware of a fuel shortage before the flight took off. The pilots tried an emergency landing, but the plane crashed in the woods near Gillsburg in Mississippi. Artimus Pyle was also notoriously outspoken against the plane and on several occasions would take buses to shows. I quickly maneuvered free of a crumpled bumper and sped off. The choppers belonged to the Coast Guard, National Guard and Forrest County General Hospital, who were doing their best to ferry people in, and illuminate the crash site. Mote hopped into his pick-up to get back to his house, told his wife to get back in the house, then proceeded to grab his gun and stand guard. According to Powell, Cassie Gaines' final moments were particularly painful as she bled to death in his arms and that her throat had been cut from ear to ear, which gave more indications of execution than an accident. In 1986, his car ran off a road and crashed into a culvert, paralyzing him from the waist down and killing his girlfriend. Almost four decades later, I noticed a seemingly innocuous post on Facebook. Artimus has had many ups and downs since then, several incarcerations, and a huge falling out with Gary. Johnny headed for the crash site to see if he could help. One of them being completely decapitated. Without wanting to cause alarm he thought to himself that maybe the pilots were trying to transfer fuel from one engine to another. If a band couldn't play Skynyrd, they didn't get hired for the school dance. Over the weekend, the message boards on the official Web site were flooded with messages of lament for the "living legend," "free bird," and simple man.".

Why Greek Gods Don't Wear Clothes, Articles C