famous radio personalities 1940s

A refinement of this was created by another company, C.E. Listeners waited impatiently for each new episode to discover what troubles would befall the mishap-prone twosome. "The Chevrolet Chronicles" were one of many "transcription shows"shows produced for the distribution simply of scripts to stations around the country to be performed locallyand an example of how radio programming was inseparable from its advertisers. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Radio producers experimented with different ways to deliver the news. . President Roosevelt in early 1934 When war between Germany and the United Kingdom was declared, Murrow reported firsthand. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. In 1936, however, radio transmitters reached most of the population of Spain. Kaltenborn was close enough to the conflict that listeners could hear gunfire in the background. 2. In 1930 the Association of National Advertisers, along with the Cooperative Analysis of Broadcasting, devised a ratings system called the Crossley Report, for which several thousand people were polled by telephone and asked to recall the programs to which they had been listening. New York: Routledge, 2001. The change of one vote would have thrown all the affairs of this great Nation back into hopeless chaos. By the mid-1930s two-thirds of American homes had radio sets, and by 1939 about 80 percent of Americansabout 25 million peopleowned radios. Kaltenborn, Edward R. Murrow, William L. Shirer, and Eric Severeid. A new Federal Radio Commission established by the law would define what the public interest meant, though broadcasters would be held responsible for the content they provided. For example he was tight with money, which many in the Depression could relate to. BILLCOY BILLCODY BILL CODY. The dramas were called soap operas because manufacturers of the major brands of soap, including Proctor and Gamble and Lever Brothers, sponsored them. A band remote broadcast of Benny Goodman and his orchestra, with vocalist Martha Tilton, from the Madhattan Room of the Hotel Pennsylvania, New York City; airdate November 4, 1937. "Sam Bass," an episode of the western series Death Valley Days; airdate August 27, 1936. The 1930s were a time of profound and lasting changes at home and abroad. Networks competed to hire famous conductors, orchestras, and soloists. German Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels was reportedly very sensitive to the enormous impact that radio could have. In the early 1930s the phonographic record player was a standard appliance in many middle class American households, but as the Depression continued fewer people could afford the steep price of $.75 per record, resulting in the decline of record sales. Encyclopedia.com. We also became convinced that the only way to avoid a repetition of those dark days was to have a government with power to prevent and to cure the abuses and the inequalities which had thrown that system out of joint. So when Gladys Hill, who was the first "Dizzy Lizzy," left Houston, I took her place as the second "Dizzy . My Favorite Husband is the name of an American radio program and network television series. LEXICARTER LEXI CARTER. WKN New evidence has been sent to us by Alfred Cowles, Jr. that his father Alfred L. Cowles, Sr. started WKN, the first Memphis radio station in 1921. Roosevelt's Fireside Chats set the standard for future presidents to not only use radio to communicate with the public, but the growing mass media of television in the future as well. Some of the more creative radio talents functioned as their own producers, receiving a budget from the agency out of which they paid the supporting actors and crew. Radio had become a powerful and influential media for the expression of opinion on an international basis. Murrow reported from Vienna, Austria, in 1938 as the Nazis entered the Austrian capital. In 1922 he introduced the Radiola, for $75, and made radio a household appliance. Popular bandleaders including Duke Ellington, Benny Goodman, and Tommy Dorsey and their jazz bands became nationally famous through their radio performances, and a host of other jazz musicians flourished as radio made the genre nationally popular (Wald . Radio technology was still evolving as the country entered the Depression. Many of the major newscasters of the century got their start in radio during the Depressionincluding H.V. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Good memories." ." (Picks up phone. When German planes bombed the Basque town of Guernica in Spain in 1937, it solidified writer and director Norman Corwin's hatred of fascism. View More. Orson Welles would prove to be one of the more influential performers of theatrical works on the radio. He hosted a celebrity gossip show during much of the Depression that became both very popular and highly criticized. His plan was to make radios affordable and to bring music into the home by way of wireless technology. As censorship became stricter toward the end of the 1930s, the networks ruled that there could be no more jokes about nudity. Walter Winchel l eventually died friendless and . Women followed the various sagas as if the characters were their neighbors. Swing represented decadent America, and jazz was seen as antithetical to the purity of the Aryan race, which was a term for the non-Jewish white population. Please be aware, presenters aren't ranked in order. From 1922 to 1925, Herbert Hoover, then secretary of commerce and in charge of radio policy, convened four national conferences, each of which petitioned Congress to replace the only existing (and obsolete) laws regarding broadcasting, which had been established in 1912 to regulate ship-to-shore transmissions. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Brown, Robert J. Manipulating the Ether: The Power of Broadcast Radio in Thirties America. Radio-info.com has a chat board for aircheck collectors. Davies, Alan. Cleveland's radio industry in the 1980s was still largely in turmoil, with programming shifts, personality changes, and the rapid purchase and . George Burns (18961996). In 1936 she donned her soon-to-be-famous sarong for her debut at Paramount, The Jungle Princess (1936), and . November 28, 1925, WSM-AM, Nashville. We'll fill dat up wid water. "The Keys of the Kingdom," an episode of the motion-picture adaptation series Academy Award Theater, starring Gregory Peck; airdate August 21, 1946. Its premiere was lauded as exceptional, bold radio. The genres and stars of the 1930s became the genres and stars of television in the 1950s. William S. Paley became president of the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) on September 25, 1928, two days before his 27th birthday, and he would lead the network for more than 60 years. The most popular early network series by far was NBCs Amos n Andy, a daily 15-minute situation comedy in which two white men (Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll) acted the parts of two black operators of a taxicab company in Chicago. New York: Free Press, 1996. Early Work Andy: Come on over yere wid me. The growth in radio provided a large audience for various voices in cultural and political criticism. American women considered how their favorite characters dealt with the challenges of life. De man don' want no water in his milk.". Since most radio soap operas were only fifteen minutes long, many could run in one day. Nationally distributed magazines had been the key medium before the rise of radio and national broadcasting networks. Most Cleveland stations began making applications over the decade. The growing war in Europe produced some of the most creative and thoughtful programming on radio. Political parties made great use of radio during the 1930s, much as they did television later in the century. I want to talk with you very simply about the need for present action in this crisisthe need to meet the unanswered challenge of one-third of a Nation ill-nourished, ill clad, ill-housed. Johnny Otis Collection (SC 106) Over 800 radio programs of black popular music (live and prerecorded), hosted by Johnny Otis, and featuring live interviews with blues and rhythm & blues artists from the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. Richar Diamond starring Dick Powell.First came Rogue's Gallery *where I know him from originally*in 1945-46. Early in 1927, a competing network called United Independent Broadcasters was formed. Walter Winchell specialized in publishing gossip and other information that some critics deemed inappropriate. The stock market crash and following Great Depression brought economic hard times to many Americans. The program began as Sam n Henry on Chicagos WGN station in 1926 and quickly became a national phenomenon when it made its network debut under its new name in 1929. Gosden and Correllboth white menappeared in black face and portrayed two Southern men forced to move to a Northern city. "The Fleischmann's Yeast Hour" became the first radio variety show. For example, newspapers were still more a local and regional form of information sharing. The Adventures of Amos 'n Andy: A Social History of an American Phenomenon. The failure of the government to suppress the rebel broadcasts appeared to signal the collapse of the military government. Famous People. View More. "Pride of the Marines," an episode of the motion-picture adaptation series Academy Award Theater, starring John Garfield; airdate June 15, 1946. As his comments became increasingly political, his anti-Semitic (Jewish), pro-Hitler views became clear, and CBS dropped his program when his comments became too inflammatory. For example, during Bing Crosbys tenure as host of The Kraft Music Hall, the talent and staff were hired by the Kraft food companys advertising firm, the J. Walter Thompson agency. Since the 1940s, Black disc jockeysor deejayshave been an inseparable part of Black radio. 1930s radio created an environment for new expressions of cultural identity and cultural criticism. William Powell and Myrna Loy performed "The Thin Man" and Clark Gable and Claudette Colbert performed "It Happened One Night." Some became concerned that America was becoming a land of spectators, rather than a land of participants. There were also concerns during the 1930s, and later, that radioand indeed all mass mediawould be misused. The radio industry wrestled with the government over issues of diversifying ownership and over licensing of AM and FM frequencies. On October 30, 1938 a radio musical performance was interrupted by a reporter. By 1948, his program received higher ratings than Fred Allen or Jack Benny. (Tone) (A high-pitched oscillator whine starts low behind the last call, then is brought up as the full resonance of the Hammond organ and low-frequency oscillator are added. "The Death Mask Killer," an episode of the police drama series Gangbusters; airdate November 11, 1950. Radio emerged as an important method of disseminating news during the 1930s. In 1934 four powerful stationsWOR New York, WGN Chicago, WLW Cincinnati, and WXYZ Detroitbanded together to form "The Quality Group," which later became the Mutual Broadcasting System. In radios earliest days, Hollywood did not provide network programming, with rare exceptions. Key Facts. In 1932 NBC posted a profit of $1 million and CBS posted a profit of $1.6 million. During American radios Golden Age, much of the programming heard by listeners was controlled by advertising agencies, which conceived the shows, hired the talent and staff (sometimes drawing performers directly from the old vaudeville theatre circuit), and leased airtime and studio facilities from the radio networks. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1941, pp. Music publishing companies hired song pluggers to "place" their songs with singers and musicians. So you would never be famous. News shows and commentary kept everyone informed of the dire situation at home and the deteriorating situation in Europe. Franklin D. Roosevelt used radio to talk directly to Americans in his fireside chats. News events such as the Lindbergh baby kidnapping and the Hindenburg disaster captured the nations attention. "Kitty Foyle," an episode of the motion-picture adaptation series Academy Award Theater, starring Ginger Rogers; airdate April 6, 1946. Andy: Now, lissen yere, Amosdon't never try to tell me whut to do or whut not to do. Writer-producer-director Norman Corwin, one of radio's brightest talents, ruefully made the point that radio's most creative era was "the shortest golden age in history." During its brief heyday, however, dramatic radio thrived and was a vital part of . Some comedians liked to tell what at the time were considered risqu jokes, meaning the jokes were on the edge of being considered indecent. Prime-Time: The Life of Edward R. Murrow. These attacks that were so strong that he was sometimes called the father of hate speech. The performance of "The War of the Worlds" became one of the most notorious radio performances ever. In addition the rise of communism and fascism (dictatorships) in Europe was increasingly causing alarm in the United States. We ought to tell him. Best, Gary Dean. As the reporter broke into the performance several times over the next few minutes, he described strange flying vehicles landing in various parts of the United States and strange creatures emerging from them. She was an ink artist and wife to Walt Disney. Wellss science-fiction tale The War of the Worlds created panic when listeners failed to hear the disclaimer and believed Martians actually were invading Earth. 35. In response the Communications Act of 1934, one of the regulatory foundations of Roosevelt's New Deal, which was a group of policies focused on relief and reform, provided for the establishment of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The plugger would sell songs, to which the publisher held the recording rights, to popular musicians who would hopefully make the songs famous, which would increase a song's sales and the publisher's profit. Bruccoli, Mathrew J. and Richard Layman. 3. View More. John Lennon (1940 - 1980) British musician, member of the Beatles. Andy: Well, it's yore own faultdat's all I got say. Physics connected with rays, radiation, or radioactivity:, NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO (NPR) is a private, nonprofit corporation serving more than 640 member radio stations throughout the United States. 1. Licenses for Edwin Armstrong's "static-free" frequency modulation (FM) concept of radio transmission were first granted in 1940-41. The Golden Age of American radio as a creative medium lasted, at best, from 1930 to 1955, with the true peak period being the 1940s. The condemned man's sister is a telephone operator (from Leonard Maltin. Her first work on radio was with WOR in New York City where she hosted a show from 1934 to 1940. Andy: Let him git mad wid you. "Death Crosses the River," an episode of the western series Hopalong Cassidy, starring William Boyd; airdate April 14, 1951. remain connected to the public. Certainly one factor was the loss of jobs and search for new employment opportunities that led to a great deal of population shifts and movement. Radio, with its thrillers and mysteries, classical theater and musical performances, and slapstick and silliness, provided a means of escaping the dreariness of life. As radio developed, daytime shows such as soap operas and childrens programs generally ran 15 minutes. "The Seventh Victim," an episode of the science-fiction series X Minus One, based on a short story by Robert Sheckley; airdate March 6, 1957. There were several great radio theater companies during the 1930s including Orson Welles's Mercury Theatre on the Air, the Lux Radio Theatre, Screen Guide Theatre, and Studio One, later known as the Ford Theater. In 1947 he becomes a player for the Dodgers. WCCO Radio began broadcasting in Minneapolis in 1922 a from a hotel near Loring Park. His career started in vaudeville, and he debuted in 1931 on radio on the Ed Sullivan show, getting his own radio show in 1932. The Great Depression especially brought new and troubling problems. They also complained that political conventions were organized for the benefit of radio, rather than to facilitate substantive political discussion. Broadcasting had become a profession in the 1930s and was experiencing the growing pains of becoming an established and accepted part of society. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. "Radio 1929-1941 Charles Coughlin was a Canadian-American Catholic priest and populist leader who promoted antisemitic and pro-fascist views. Winchell had been a supporter of Senator Joseph McCarthy's anticommunism efforts, and his popularity suffered when the nation turned its back on the senator. . NEIL: All right, rat. Some sources say the whistling theme for The Saint was created by Leslie Charteris while others credit RKO composer Roy Webb.Price left in May 1951. The conventional, amplitude modulation (AM) form of radio signal proved limiting in broadcasting, producing much static at times. and radio performer. Skillful sports commentators were able to imagine the details of a game and pass them along to listeners using play-by-play provided in type across the wires. 3. The FCC consisted of seven members appointed by the president and confirmed by the senate. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 1998. However, the record company soon sold its shares to a group of financiers that included Leon Levy, whose father-in-law was cigar magnate Sam Paley; before long, Paleys son William decided to invest his own million-dollar fortune in the new network. . His first song was "Goodnight My Beautiful". On site to report on the Hindenburg's voyage, instead the reporter's response to the tragedy was recorded and later broadcast, bringing the horror into thousands of living rooms. MIKETERRY MIKE TERRY. Fireside Politics: Radio and Political Culture in the United States, 1920-1940, by Douglas B. Craig "Remembering the LadiesA Salute to the Women of Early Radio," by Donna L. Halper, "Popular Communications," January 1999. Like The Whistler, the program had an opening whistle theme with footsteps. Composer Irving Berlin complained that Americans were becoming listeners rather than singers. Sponsored by Eversharp, the first series ran on CBS Radio from July 5, 1945 to March 28, 1947. In black-appeal radio, the disc jockey role was pioneered both locally and nationally by Jack L. Cooper, who began playing . A 1939 poll indicated almost one-fourth of the population usually listened to the chats while almost 40 percent sometimes listened, adding up to almost 65 percent of the population. As would become true with television in later decades, frequently used expressions from popular programs became part of the vernacular, and people arranged their personal schedules, as they later did with television, around their favourite programs. She was born in Spalding, Idaho on February 15, 1899. On March 9, 1937, President Franklin Roosevelt gave his ninth "fireside chat" over the airwaves to the public. He built the first radio te Martin Sir Ryle, Ryle, Martin RYLE, MARTIN (b. Lillian attended high school in Lapwai and went to college in Lewiston. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Wendy. The tally resulted in an estimate of the number of people listening to a particular show; a rating of 14.2 meant that out of 100 people called, 14.2 were listening to a particular program at the time of the call. Censorship involved a radio network Studies showed that Americans were listening to radio for an average of five hours a day. Winchell had many critics of his approach of publicizing activities that many considered inappropriate for public comment. Marjorie Finlay also had her own TV show, which had viewership in the USA and Europe. In effect, four Justices ruled that the right under a private contract to exact a pound of flesh was more sacred than the main objectives of the Constitution to establish an enduring Nation. Sound effects are an important part of communicating drama and comedy over the radio. Historic Events for Students: The Great Depression. The Spanish Civil War (19361939) is considered the first radio war. The fabric of American life would be changed forever. Though an explanation had preceded the performance, many listeners didn't hear it, and thousands panicked. The "Adventures of Superman" went on to both television and film success. CHARLIEMATTOS CHARLIE MATTOS. The studio, however, was three hundred miles from the actual game. Radio became the central communication vehicle of the Depression especially including Roosevelt's Fireside Chats. Arch Oboler produced "Lights Out" on NBC, and "Air Raid" by Archibald MacLeish and "War of the Worlds" by writer and performer Orson Welles, which depicted the growing fear of war. Episode 2 of the children's science-fiction series Buck Rogers in the 25th Century; unknown airdate, 1932. The future president Ronald Reagan, a sports announcer at WHO in Des Moines, Iowa during much of the Depression, called play-by-play for the Chicago Cubs. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997. (Tone. By the time the infant son of national hero Charles Lindbergh was kidnapped and murdered, the role of communication in radio had become so important that the 1935 verdict in the Lindbergh kidnapping trial was broadcast over radio. CBS would soon become a major force in radio, although it would take years before it would challenge NBCs supremacy. Comedian Bob Hope was an exceptional radio performer who went on to an extraordinary career in television and film. On paper tape, a stylus would scratch a signal showing which station a radio was tuned to during every moment that it was in use. and by a large number of people in other areas of the Western world. Sources Audiences were able to hear performances by entertainers that they would never be able to see in person. Marie Wilson portrayed the title character, Irma Peterson, on radio, in two films and a television series. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. This was particularly true of the white unemployed who believed jobs, including those created by New Deal work relief programs, should first go to whites before black Americans.

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