intralingual translation example

(PDF) INTRALINGUAL TRANSLATION AS A MEANS OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION: A LINGUISTIC APPROACH INTRALINGUAL TRANSLATION AS A MEANS OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION: A LINGUISTIC. This is evident, for instance, when looking at the everyday Danish version and the childrens versions and is presumably the driving force in the majority of intralingual translations. Case study results and discussion of results, http://www.seikilos.com.ar/TranslationDialogue.pdf. Intralingual translation has a strong tendency to involve a form of simplification where it becomes the main purpose of the translation, and because of this tendency the micro-strategies applied (additions, omissions, restructuring, etc.) At the EST 2004 conference in Lisbon (proceedings forthcoming), Denton dealt with intercultural translation in his paper Waterlogged Somewhere in Mid-Atlantic: Why American Readers Need Intralingual Translation but Dont Often Get It. Rollason (2006: 5) refers to Denton who showed that even an English original can encounter communication barriers when crossing the Atlantic and exemplified with: Sue Townsends novel of 1982 The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13 3/4, a cult best-seller in Britain but far less successful in the US, where its very British cultural codes and slang terms have impeded readers enjoyment, to the point where Denton even suggests the case points up the need for intralingual translation. What is Intersemiotic Translation? It would furthermore be interesting to investigate who carry out intralingual translations in real life, what kind of source texts they are based on and in which ways the relationship between the source text and the target text may differ between intralingual and interlingual translation? on the map of translation studies and encourage future empirical research the aim of the present article is to take a closer look at intralingual translation in order to describe this kind of translation and the strategies involved and to compare it with translation proper. a comparative analysis of strategies in text production. Accessibility Statement. The first intralingual workshop in the field of translation was held in 2014 at Bogazici University in Istanbul. Dans le prsent article, nous soutenons que la traduction intralinguale doit faire partie intgrante de la traductologie en raison de ses multiples similarits avec la traduction interlinguale. A closer look reveals that the extended number of words comes from a large number of factual explanations and the addition of factual information to enhance childrens understanding of the text. At one of the rare occasions when intralingual translation is commented on in translation literature, Steiner (1975: 260-61) pointed out that the two kinds of translation raise issues of the same order and are, at crucial points, similar. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/translation-language-1692560. If we accept that translation can only be accounted for in a meaningful way if we treat it as a cluster concept, it does not make sense to attempt a too finite description. We offer a diverse selection of courses from leading universities and cultural institutions from around the world. In the English-speaking world the authoritative version is the King James Bible from 1611 (basically unrevised from that date if spelling and punctuation is discounted, see Nicolson 2003/2004) and in Denmark the first authorised version of the New Testament translated from Greek came in 1907 though the most influential work in Danish Bible translation is the resen-svanningske translation from 1647 on which the authorised version is based (Jeppesen 1990: 18) (the 1907 authorised version has since been revised in 1948[4] and 1992[5]). In the preface to the Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, Baker also, argues that we have been narrow and restrictive in defining our object of study and expresses concern about the lack of research outside the field of translation proper: [] intralingual translation is not such a minor issue as the existing literature on translation might suggestI know of no research that looks specifically at the phenomena of intralingual or intersemiotic translation. Tymoczko (1998, 2005) is not particularly concerned with intralingual translation, but her arguments for a broad perception of translation are very relevant. Jakobson builds on Pierces theory of signs and meaning and postulates that the meaning of any linguistic sign is its translation into some further, alternative sign (Jakobson 1959/2000: 114). Even-Zohar (in Weissbrod 2004: 24) argues that there is no benefit in dealing with one phenomenon (translation) as if it were detached from other phenomena when it is not. And Gambier (1992: 308) takes a similar view: Enfin, il oblige reposer la ncessit prtendue dune thorie de la traduction, autonome, spare de la thorisation des autres processus interactionnels (intralinguistiques).. Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below: If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. Registered in England & Wales No. 13 In it, and more specifically, in the part of the book devoted to the theory and methodology of translation, Kakridis discussed intralingual translation and its attendant problems . The witness is intimidated by the formality of the court setting, and assumes that the unfamiliar word, 'fracas', is a polite euphemism. 15 slides Approaches of translation Montasser Mahmoud 38.9k views 21 slides Foreignization & domestication abdelbaar 17.2k views 26 slides Types of translation Rita Vazquez Rojas 12.4k views 10 slides Pedagogical stylistics Belachew Weldegebriel 3.8k views 9 slides More Related Content Slideshows for you (20) Methods Of Translation Many versions in many languages may be involved in Bible translation, but from the point of view of this article the interesting fact is that different versions of the Bible, of the same basic message, are created in order to cater for various target groups. In addition, this may entail that there is also more room for interpretation, and perhaps even a certain degree of subjectivity, in intralingual translation (the extremely subjective additions in the family Bible would certainly not be deemed acceptable in interlingual translation, but probably not in the majority of intralingual translations either! Furthermore, that word exists within a multidimensional matrix that defines the four salient (for the Tofa people) parameters of reindeer: age, sex, fertility, and rideability. 2002 indskrive p mandtalslisterne (register on the census), 2002 i den by, de stammede fra (in the town from which they came), 2002 svbte ham i et taeppe (wrapped him in a blanket), Everyday language instead of formal or archaic language, 1948 af Davids hus og slaegt (of Davids house and lineage), 2002 efterkommer af Kong David (decendants of King David), 1948 Og det skete medens, de var der, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde (And it happened, while they were there, came the time when she were to give birth), 2002 Da de nede frem til Betlehem, kom tidspunktet, da hun skulle fde (When they reached Bethlehem, came the time when she were to give birth), 1948 Og hun fdte sin sn, den frstefdte (And she gave birth to her son, the firstborn), 2002 Maria fik sit frste barn en dreng (Maria had her first child a boy), 2002 kroen (more contemporary word for an inn). The problem of synonymy in interlingual translation (how to establish the meaning of and choose between synonyms, whether to make use of loan words or calques, etc.) Intralingual translation, according to Jakobsen's definition, can be understood as a rewording or paraphrasing, that is, expressing approximately the same meaning in "different forms of the same . 2. The reader is the least tortured of this trio, but the reader too may very well feel that he is missing something in the book, that through sheer ineptitude he is failing to be a proper vessel for the books overarching vision." The discipline concerned with issues related to the production of translations is called translation studies. To further probe that assumption it is helpful to look at other types of translation that also involve transfer of meaning, though not between two different languages, as in translation proper, but within the same language (intralingual translation) and between different media or sign systems (intersemiotic translation). The aim is to get the target group to accept the text as of contemporary relevance and to reduce the time spent reading and understanding the text. The barrier is the obvious fact that one language differs from the other [] Exactly the same model and this is what is rarely stressed is operative within a single language. examples. ), these examples demonstrate how language does not just explain but helps generate meanings and bring new energy to familiar entities. These are delivered one step at a time, and are accessible on mobile, tablet and desktop, so you can fit learning around your life. When we translate, we are not just describing an object or activity with different words and carrying across its meaning, we are creating new understandings of it (for example, that hare excrement crottle is different from horse dung doofers) and providing different perspectives through which to view it (that dung can be liquid ujller but also vary in size turdstool). This parameter covers instances where it is the temporal distance which makes a new version necessary. Mllehave, Johannes (1991): Alle brns Bibel. However, my aim was not to describe intralingual translation within a limited area, but to attempt a general characterisation of the phenomenon through the microstrategies used in creating the new versions. Gutt (1991/2000: 394-396) mentions the fact that not all translation scholars would feel comfortable with a broader definition which would allow summaries and elaborated versions, per example, to qualify as translation. These are all belonging to different British dialects, most are archaic and no longer in use, but they all display different shades of meaning that make them unique: Besides making for interesting conversation starters (perhaps not over dinner though! Routledge, 1995), "Here, then, is the full process of translation. If we know more about differences as well as similarities, the insights provided by both fields would be more useful. They are defined by their oppositions to and similarities to multiple other words--in other words, the cultural backdrop." Intralingual translation can refer to rewording or paraphrasing, summarizing, expanding or commenting within a language. Nordquist, Richard. The use of subtitles in language-learning environments has received considerable attention. There he was, warm and comfortable like his mother in the stall. ThoughtCo. English, German, French, Swedish and Norwegian as well as other Danish versions (Jeppesen 1990: 23-24). This strategy is clearly reflected in the translation. If we regard translation as a cluster concept, i.e., as an open concept, our requirements for category membership do not take the form of necessary conditions, but family resemblances; sometimes overall similarities, sometimes similarities of detail which overlap and criss-cross (Wittgenstein 1953/1958: section 66-67) in the same way as resemblances between members of a family. . The second function is the case of adaptation. However, there are lots of less obvious examples, especially when it comes to ambiguous or idiomatic sentences, such as sayings, which are often hard to translate Arguing against the classical theory of categorisation, which involves shared properties as conditions for category membership, strictly objective conditions for category membership and clear boundaries between categories, i.e., no borderline cases (in logic the specification of necessary and/or sufficient conditions is used to determine category membership, to provide precise definitions), Wittgenstein introduced the very pragmatic and empirically-based (that is, not on formal logic) open concept of family resemblances (also called the cluster concept) and argued that this is what unites the category of game, for instance (Wittgenstein 1953/1958: section 66-67). The changes made centre around the level of background knowledge and ability of comprehension of the target group. Intuitively even laymen would know what a translation is and would probably define it in a way which corresponds to the prototypical translation proper in Jakobsons terminology. In theory, translation studies does not exclude intralingual translation, but de facto empirical studies or discussions on the subject of intralingual translation are few and far between. In this video lecture, we will study the difference b/w interlingual and intralingual translation. BibTeX, JabRef, Mendeley, Zotero, Intralingual Translation: An Attempt at Description, Volume 54, Number 4, dcembre 2009, pp. To Steiner, translation proper is seen as a heightened case of the process of communication and reception, but he also claims that the linguistic problems implicit in interlingual translation are already implicit in all intralingual discourse (Steiner 1975: 260-261, 414) a view reflected by Even-Zohar in 1990 when discussing the mechanism of transfer (see also Weissbrod 2004: 24; Shuttleworth 1997: 88). & Associates, Inc. Vi erkender derfor vort ansvar i den redaktionelle bearbejdning af grundteksten Oversaettelsen er sledes en fri oversaettelse, ikke en ord-for-ord oversaettelse, ej heller en parafrase.. Syntactical changes making the text more contemporary, 1948 Og fordi Josef var af Davids hus og slaegt, drog ogs han op fra, And because Joseph was of the house and lineage of David, also he went up from [], 1992 Ogs Josef drog op frafordi han var af Davids hus og slaegt, Also Joseph went up from because he was of the house and lineage of David [], 1948 Og det skete, medens de var der, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde, And it happened, while they were there, came the time, when she were to give birth, 1992 Og mens de var dr, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde, And while they were there, came the time, when she were to give birth. Kakridis (1901-92), who, for the first time, wrote a book entitled The Translation Problem (To Metafrastiko Provlima). The most interesting findings of the analyses and of the comparison with interlingual translation is firstly the strong tendency of intralingual translation to involve a form of simplification a strategy which is not so often applied as the overall skopos of a translation proper. Or the translation is not in writing, but takes place automatically while we read and process the old text as Steiner (1975: 28) argues.[13]. Examples and Observations Intralingual translation - translation within the same language, which can involve rewording or paraphrase; Interlingual translation - translation from one language to another, and. xii Book Endorsement Basics of Translation, by Dr Mahmoud Altarabin, a promising writer on translation, is a well-organized textbook in terms of the translation Almost all of the text has been paraphrased and as could be expected lexis and syntax have been simplified in the process. interlingual and intersemiotic. Throughout the article the discussion will rely on an open definition of translation which reflects the many-faceted nature of the activity. Intralingual translation or rewriting, according to Roman Jakobson, is an interpreta-tion of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same languages. Zijian Yang found that in translating Chinese classics into foreign languages, intralingual translation can be used as a reference for the translators, even for sinologists who are in a process of translating Chinese classics into foreign languages. It is a difference, but it is perhaps not as monumental as one might think. Unlike translation proper, intralingual translation is a rewriting or paraphrasing within the same language system. (*date) I will *keep money for a house. It cannot be entirely ruled out that intralingual translation in some instances may go from simple to more complex. In his Dictionary of Translation Studies, Shuttleworth (1997: 82) writes that interlingual translation is the only kind of translation which corresponds to what is normally understood by the word translation. To get a feel for it, look at the following dialogue: Policeman: There. The source texts in this case can be a classic text, or text in dialect which . Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? Register for a FutureLearn account to get personalised course recommendations and offers straight to your inbox. How do I view content? In the practical and especially the didactic world, a too narrow definition of the field only sets an artificial boundary for translators and the jobs they see themselves as able to carry out. It is not a shame for a translator in so doing; instead, this process indicates expertise, sincerity, and responsibility. Teachers can make use of the simplified or paraphrased version for teaching in class, a kind of practice which would otherwise be done in a senior stage. The parameter of space refers to instances where the text is either reduced or extended, i.e., the physical space of the text is changed. (2020, August 28). 11. The first scholarly gathering of its kind, it gained the attention of translation scholars across nations. Many translation scholars rely on Jakobsons three kinds of translation for their definitions of what constitutes translation, but de facto they mostly focus exclusively on Jakobsons concept of interlingual translation. Scholars argue that translation within the same language has existed for as long as language has existed, and arguably civilisation itself. This parameter centres around the ability of comprehension of the target group, i.e., the target groups general ability to understand a text, its level of general background knowledge or its level of expertise (or lack of) in connection with a specific subject. It was between the fracas and the navel.' This example shows the importance of understanding or decoding the message content in communication. But here the barrier or distance between source and receptor is time. seem to be much more radical than what is seen in the majority of interlingual translations where The parameter of time is of course related to the parameters of culture and knowledge, but in this case it is the diachronic factor which results in the lack of knowledge or cultural understanding; this is the reason for the new authorised version from 1992, for example, and is an important element in the everyday version (even in cases where a reader is able to read and understand the old authorised version from 1948, it will take him less time to process the everyday version). Interlingual translation, or translation proper, is seen naturally enough also by translation scholars as the classic, prototypical kind of translation and many scholars even want to limit research to very restricted definitions of translation proper (Tymoczko 2005: 1096, footnote 3). In one of the Bible translations (for very small children), we saw that significant restructuring (i.e., restructuring which transgresses even paragraphs) had taken place to ease comprehension. You can read FutureLearn's Cookie policy here. It differs from general transliteration in various aspects. The source texts in this case can be a classic text, or text in dialect which, for its peculiar pronunciation and expressions, was only easily understood by its local neighborhood. Tourys definition is likely to exclude many intralingual (or intersemiotic) translations, not because of his three postulates, which themselves rely on open concepts, namely source text, transfer and intertextual relationship, but because of two necessary conditions; to constitute a translation a transfer process must have taken place between two languages/cultures and most importantly the resulting product must be assumed to be a translation by people in general. This article argues for the proper inclusion of intralingual translation on the grounds of its many similarities with interlingual translation. The third function of intralingual translation, proposed by Xuanmin Luo at the Bogacizi conference in 2014, is the function of shaping a nations modernity, which is a structural concept dealing with the transformation of whole societies, ideologies, social structure and culture. Og det skete, medens de var der, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde. And then, finally, we have the reader. Apart from the obvious difference of the number of national languages involved, the most significant difference seems to be that in many kinds of intralingual translation simplification[14] is the keyword. Intralingual translation - translation within the same language, which can involve rewording or paraphrase; Interlingual translation - translation from one language to another, and Intersemiotic translation - translation of the verbal sign by a non-verbal sign, for example, music or image. Also Schffner points out that translational reality exceeds interlingual translation and she claims that it is increasingly agreed within the academic community of translators that the translators responsibilities go well beyond what was traditionally considered a translation proper (Schffner 1999: 98). Learn more about how FutureLearn is transforming access to education. My alternative definition is open and inherently non-finite and is an attempt to define the discipline of translation studies as an open field which relies on an open, inherently non-finite, yet describable concept and not on necessary or sufficient conditions or audience assumptions. In other words, the differences in microstrategies are more a question of degree than of kind. He finishes it, with misgivings. Zethsen (2007) argues that interlingual translation has been the object of many research studies attempting to define, exemplify and systematize this type of translation, whereas intralingual translation has not drawn the same amount of academic attention. This type of translation is often considered the hardest or most comprehensive, as the translator . However, despite Jakobson's classical definition, intralingual translation or rewording is extremely peripheral to translation studies, more so than it deserves, and the relationship between interlingual and intralingual translation is a neglected area of research, as is a thorough description of intralingual translation; Though the Danish 1948 version has not been translated from King James, but from Greek, it reads as an almost direct translation thereof (92 words): Og alle gik hen for at lade sig indskrive, hver til sin by. All in all, the changes made centre around the level of background knowledge (cultural as well as factual) and ability of comprehension of the target group. Though this observation is rarely mentioned or discussed within translation studies, it is not surprising considering the fact that many of the strategies aim at ensuring maximum comprehension and in most cases, comprehension is a central aim in both kinds of translation. It may be more productive though to look at some of the differences. I completely agree, and this is why I think that by neglecting a whole strand of translation activities (which may not be translation proper but which nevertheless share strong family resemblances), we lose out on useful insights. RIS (*save) The first example above reflects the L1 lexical interference, which is normally found when Thai students use the word "play" for all contexts. The subjective comments in the above examples reflect a political/feminist agenda from the 1970s. However, the extension also comes from subjective additions to the text, presumably to make it come more alive to children, but also in a few instances to vent the translators own views. These three kinds of translation are to be differently labeled: 1) Intralingual translation or rewording is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language, 2) . [] and Joseph was happy that they could get inside where it was warm []. The problem of translation is to retreat to a simpler tenor of one's own style and creatively adjust this to one's author." However, it is suggested that the de facto degree of freedom is larger in intralingual translation than in most instances of translation proper. Here the source text can be described in words and then translated into an image or visual narrative that may release a similar message as the original words while also creating new meanings and associations. Privacy Policy Holmes (1972/2000) encourages us to describe, explain and predict, but to my knowledge the literature does not offer a systematic empirically-based account of intralingual translation, so this is what will be attempted in the following. The target group is adults who find the authorised version too difficult or stilted. Again Steiner builds on Jakobson who also discussed, for instance, the fact that the challenge of synonymy in intralingual translation resembles the challenge of equivalence in interlingual translation (Jakobson 1959/2000: 114; Shuttleworth 1997: 88; Dam-Jensen and Zethsen, 2008). "Translation: Definition and Examples." Where necessary, examples have been translated from the Danish versions into English. It also seems that the strategy of simplification is driven by one of the four parameters knowledge (e.g., layman words and expressions and simple active syntax substituted for expert terms and complex syntax, whereas syntactical changes in interlingual translation are often called for on the basis of structural differences between two languages), time (e.g., contemporary words and expressions and syntax substituted for obsolete words, expressions and syntax), culture (e.g., American words, expressions and syntax substituted for British words, expressions and syntax) or space (e.g., superfluous text omitted or explanatory text added) and that it takes many forms. And so it was, that, while they were there, the days were accomplished that she should be delivered. How to Use Pull Quotes to Add Visual Flare to Articles, How to Use Google Translate to Teach English, Body Language in the Communication Process, What Is Parsing? It is largely used in film, theatre and the visual arts but also in image design and advertising. It is true that many Chinese classics, e.g. Since translation deals with transfer of meaning, and semantics is the study of meaning, we cannot study translation without some knowledge of semantics. A few years later, the novel was developed into a film which was directed by Hou Xiaoxian (, a famous director from Taiwan.

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